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Concept of Value and Reference

 there are two ways to represent a variable: by value and by reference.

When a variable is passed by value, a copy of the variable is created and passed to the function. Any changes made to the copy do not affect the original variable. Here's an example:


int main() { int a = 5; int b = 10; swapByValue(a, b); std::cout << "a: " 
<< a << " b: "<< b<<std::endl; return 0; } void swapByValue(int x, int y){ int temp = x; x = y; y = temp; }

Here, the variables a and b are passed by value to the swapByValue function. The function swaps the values of the passed variables, but the values of a and b in the main function remain unchanged. The output will be "a: 5 b: 10".

On the other hand, when a variable is passed by reference, a reference to the original variable is passed to the function. Any changes made to the variable inside the function will affect the original variable. Here's an example:


int main() { int a = 5; int b = 10; swapByReference(a, b); std::cout << "a: " 
<< a << "b: "<< b<<std::endl; return 0; } void swapByReference(int &x, int &y){ int temp = x; x = y; y = temp; }

Here, the variables a and b are passed by reference to the swapByReference function. The function swaps the values of the passed variables, and the values of a and b in the main function are also changed. The output will be "a: 10 b: 5".

It's worth noting that in C++, when an object is passed by value, a copy of the object is created, but when an object is passed by reference, a reference to the original object is passed.

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Concept of Value and Reference

 there are two ways to represent a variable: by value and by reference.

When a variable is passed by value, a copy of the variable is created and passed to the function. Any changes made to the copy do not affect the original variable. Here's an example:


int main() { int a = 5; int b = 10; swapByValue(a, b); std::cout << "a: " 
<< a << " b: "<< b<<std::endl; return 0; } void swapByValue(int x, int y){ int temp = x; x = y; y = temp; }

Here, the variables a and b are passed by value to the swapByValue function. The function swaps the values of the passed variables, but the values of a and b in the main function remain unchanged. The output will be "a: 5 b: 10".

On the other hand, when a variable is passed by reference, a reference to the original variable is passed to the function. Any changes made to the variable inside the function will affect the original variable. Here's an example:


int main() { int a = 5; int b = 10; swapByReference(a, b); std::cout << "a: " 
<< a << "b: "<< b<<std::endl; return 0; } void swapByReference(int &x, int &y){ int temp = x; x = y; y = temp; }

Here, the variables a and b are passed by reference to the swapByReference function. The function swaps the values of the passed variables, and the values of a and b in the main function are also changed. The output will be "a: 10 b: 5".

It's worth noting that in C++, when an object is passed by value, a copy of the object is created, but when an object is passed by reference, a reference to the original object is passed.


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